all BAGHELI

    शीतयुद्ध के प्रतीक 1961 में बनी बर्लिन की दीवार को 9 नवंबर 1989 को जनता द्वारा तोड़ दिया गया। * 25 दिसम्बर 1991 को सोवियत संघ का विघटन हो गया।     सोवियत संघ का जन्म, व्यवस्था( प्रणाली) * 1917 की रूसी बोल्शेविक क्रांति के बाद समाजवादी सोवियत गणराज्य संघ (U.S.S.R.) अस्तित्व में आया। * सोवियत संघ में समतावादी समाज के निर्माण के लिए केंद्रीकृत योजना, राज्य के नियंत्रण पर आधारित और साम्यवदी दल द्वारा निर्देशित व्यवस्था सोवियत प्रणाली कहलायगी।   सोवियत प्रणाली की विशेषताएँ :- 1) सोवियत प्रणाली पूंजीवादी व्यवस्था का विरोध तथा समाजवाद के आदर्शों से प्रेरित थी। 2) सोवियत प्रणाली में नियोजित अर्थव्यवस्था थी। 3) कम्यूनिस्ट पार्टी का दबदबा था। 4) न्यूनतम जीवन स्तर की सुविधा 5) बेरोजगारी न होना। 6) उन्नत संचार प्रणाली। 7) मिल्कियत का प्रमुख रूप राज्य का स्वामित्व। 8) उत्पादन के साधनों पर राज्य का नियंत्रण था। दूसरी दुनिया :- पूर्वी यूरोप के देशों को समाजवादी प्रणाली की तर्ज पर ढाला गया था, इन्हें ही समाजवादी खेमे के देश या दूसरी दुनिया कहा गया। मिखाइल गोर्बाचेव :- 1980 ...

  शीतयुद्ध   शीत युद्ध से अभिप्राय विश्व की दो महाशक्तियों अमरीका व भूतपूर्व सोवियत संघ के बीच व्याप्त उन कटु संवधों के इतिहास से है जो तनाव, भय ईष्र्या पर आधारित था। दूसरे विश्व युद्ध के बाद 1945-1991 के मध्य इन दोनों महाशक्तियों के बीच शीत युद्ध का दौर चला और विश्व दो गुटों में बँट गया। यह दोनों के मध्य विचारात्मक तथा राजनै. तिक संघर्ष था। * स्मरणीय बिन्दु :- द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध के बाद से अब तक की • प्रथम विश्व युद्ध - 1914 से 1918 तक द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध - 1939 से 1945 तक • द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद से अब तक की वैश्विक घटनाओं का अध्ययन समकलीन विश्व राजनीति के विषय है।   * द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के गुट 1) मित्र राष्ट्र सोवियत संघ, फ्रांस, ब्रिटेन संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका 2) धुरी राष्ट्र जर्मनी, जापान, इटली।     * द्वितीय विश्वयुद्ध की समाप्ति के पश्चात दो महाशक्तियों का उदय हुआ :- पूंजीवादी विचारधारा का प्रतिनिधित्व करने वाले संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका और समाजवादी विचारधारा के सोवियत संघ का।   * अपने प्रभाव को बढ़ाने के लिए दोनों ही महाशक्तियों ने अन्य देशों के साथ स...

  Character of a Happy Life   About the Poet : Sir Henry Wotton was born in 1568. He was educated at Winchester, Oxford, Middle Temple, etc. He became agent and secretary to the Earl of Essex. He was the ambassador at the court of Venice. He served various other diplomatic missions. About the Poem : In this poem the poet describes the qualities necessary for a truly happy man, e.g. independence, honesty, truthfulness, straight forwardness, clear heartedness, etc. He should also pray to God daily. Central Ideas [2012, 13, 15, 17, 18] In this didactic poem Sir Henry Wotton describes the character of a happy man. He should be independent, honest and truthful. He should be free from jealousy, ill will and worldly anxieties. He should be very careful of flatterers and rumours. He should pray to God daily for Godly merits. He should not be overjoyed in his achievements and disconsolate in failures. He should be master of himself. Contentment and self-respect are the greatest qualiti...

  The Heritage of India A.L. Basham, the author of this lesson, was deeply interested in Indian culture, its traditions and customs. He makes us realize that the ancient Hindu civilization, assimilating the best in different cultures, continues with its cultural tradition which will never be lost. . According to the author, Mahatma Gandhi developed the theme of social service as a religious duty, and the development still continues. The author believes that Gandhiji, though an epitome of Hindu tradition, was much influenced by Western ideas. His passionate love of the undeveloped and his antipathy to caste, were unorthodox in the extreme and owed more to European 19th century liberalism than anything Indian. This championing of women’s right is also the result of Western influence. But there is no denying to the fact that Gandhi and his followers of the Indian National Congress have given new orientation and new life to Hindu culture, after centuries of stagnation. Indians of comin...

  Women’s Education We are living in an age where there are great opportunities for women in social work, public life and administration. Society needs women of disciplined minds and restrained manners. Hence, women’s education is of paramount importance in present time. Dr. Radhakrishnan is not satisfied with the type of education that Indian women are getting. Girls education is not widespread so the institutions imparting education to girls should be encouraged. The education, so imparted, must not only be broad but should also be deep and purposeful. According to the author, compassion, daya, is the quality which is more characteristic of women than of men. It is therefore, essential for every human being, men and women alike, to develop the quality of considerateness, kindness and compassion. Without these qualities we are only human animals, nara pasu, not more than that. Dr, Radhakrishnan says that the study of our great classics, such as the Ramayana, Upnishad, etc., and co...

  I am John’s Heart This lesson is an ‘autobiographical sort of description of the human heart. It is an interesting and informative piece about heart-what it looks like, what wrong notions we have about it, how it works, when it is really in trouble and finally how we can take care of it. xxx mast secxy video  heart weighs about 340 grams and is red-brown in colour. It is a four chambered pump, and pumps blood daily through about 96000 km of blood vessels. The heart muscles are very strong. It works day and night and only rests between its beats, though only for half a second. There are some wrong notions about heart. It is not romantic as some poets think, neither it is fragile and delicate. In fact it works twice as hard as the arm muscles. Then, people feel that heart sometimes skip heart beat. It is not skipping a beat but only a misfire, piling one beat on top of another. Whenever a person has fatigue or dizzy spells, he relates it to his heart. He fears that his heart i...